来自专筑编辑雷君的报道。“文化协同设计”在设计咨询中并不常见，但它在这里又有着不一样的意义，满足了委托方对于贾特拉帕蒂•希瓦吉国际机场新航站楼体现 “印度文化遗产及孟买之魂” 的要求。SOM非常认真地看待以上要求，与印度时装设计师阿布贾尼和Sandeep Khosla合作，设计出了集当代性与植根印度传统血脉的项目 。SOM的设计合伙人罗杰杜菲回答了关于项目的几个问题。
"Cultural design collaboration" is not seen typically in a list of an architect's consultants, but it makes perfect sense here, given the client's mandate that the new terminal at Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport embodies "the heritage of India and the spirit of Mumbai." SOM took that requirement seriously, collaborating with Indian fashion designers Abu Jani and Sandeep Khosla and developing a design that is simultaneously contemporary and rooted in the country's traditional expressions. SOM Design Partner Roger Duffy answered a few questions about the project.
Courtesy of SOM
对本项目的概述
随着孟买转变成一个国际商业中心， Chhatrapati Shivaji国际机场新航站楼增加了4400000平方英尺的新的空间来容纳预期的40000000人次左右的年吞吐量。结构形式–巨大的井口建筑物从其下弯曲的大堂升起–灵感来自印度的传统建筑形式。在井口建筑物中，高耸的支柱和一个采光天花板创造了一个轻快的，熠熠生辉的环境。
四层航站楼堆叠出一个巨大的“井口建筑物，”或中央处理平台，位于高度的适应性和模块之上 。为了尽量减少施工量，而使大门得到最大利用，大堂（墩）被设计为“摆荡”于主要在白天运作的国内航班和在晚上运行的国际航班。
Please provide an overview of the project.
As Mumbai transforms into an international business destination, the new terminal at Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport adds 4.4 million square feet of new space to accommodate the anticipated 40 million passengers per year. The structure’s form – a grand headhouse rising above curving concourses below – is inspired by traditional Indian building forms. Within the headhouse, soaring columns and a daylit ceiling create an airy, shimmering environment.
The four-story terminal stacks a grand “headhouse,” or central processing podium, on top of highly adaptable and modular concourses below. In order to minimize construction and get maximum use of the gates, the concourses (piers) are planned “swing” between predominantly domestic operations during the day and international flights at night.
Courtesy of SOM
这个建筑在地性很强。在整个航站楼里，传统细节恰如其分地与印度丰富的文化元素融合。航站楼的设计回应了印度传统的大规模迎送仪式。反映并发扬了在机场众多亲友相聚的传统，航站楼入口处的管制区被扩大，以创造宽松的下客区，人们可以聚集在这里欢迎或送别朋友。还有醒目的索网玻璃幕墙，使满怀祝福但因印度航空法规而不得不在留在航站楼外的人们，见证他们所爱的人开始他们的旅程。
This is a building that is very much of its place. Throughout the terminal, the incorporation of traditional details appropriately resonates with India’s rich culture. The terminal’s design responds to the Indian tradition of large homecoming and departure ceremonies. In recognition and celebration of the custom for large groups of family and friends to assemble at the airport, the curbs at the terminal’s entrance have been enlarged to create gracious drop-off zones where people can gather to welcome or send off travelers. The striking cable-net glass façade also allows these well-wishes, who must remain outside of the terminal due to Indian aviation regulations, to watch as their loves ones begin their journeys.
Courtesy of SOM
影响建筑设计的主要理念和灵感
SOM的客户，GV Sanjay Reddy先生，明确表示了他的目标：航站楼必须体现“印度遗产、孟买之魂”。效率、灵活性和前瞻性操作是他的最重要标准，但这些都要建立在独特的印度氛围和高水平的乘客体验之上。设计体现永恒和现代性。为了实现这一目标，SOM将其在机场航站楼设计方面的丰富经验与对印度设计文化的第一手研究结合起来，形成了航站楼中放置的许多文化装置。此外，SOM与印度著名时装设计师，阿布贾尼和Sandeep Khosla在航站楼的室内设计方面进行合作。
What are the main ideas and inspirations influencing the design of the building?
SOM’s client, Mr. G V Sanjay Reddy, stated his goals clearly: the terminal must embody “the heritage of India and the spirit of Mumbai.” Efficiency, flexibility, and forward-looking operations were paramount criteria for him, but these needed to be expressed with a distinctively Indian ambience and high level passenger experience. The design needed to take inspiration from the past while expressing a sense of timelessness and modernity. To achieve this, SOM had to pair its extensive experience designing airport terminals with first-hand research into the design culture of India. The SOM design team immersed itself in traditional Indian art and architecture, which formed a foundation for many of the cultural installations found in the terminal. In addition, SOM collaborated with famed Indian fashion designers, Abu Jani and Sandeep Khosla on aspects of the interior design of the terminal.
Courtesy of SOM
设计过程中遇到挑战和应及对策
我们面临的最大的挑战之一，即新航站楼的施工现场位于现有航站楼之上，在施工过程中它必须保持顺利的运行。这一具有挑战性的场地激发了航站楼细长的X型布局，既可以围绕现有结构铸模，又与快速的分期建设模块相契合。
更广泛地说，设计的最大挑战就是设计一个将会设立航站楼规划设计新标准的总体设计方案，同时具有印度风。在终2号航站楼，我们的设计团队工作确保现代材料和技术的使用。但是，当我们使用最先进的和可持续的战略时，我们同时考虑了所有尺度上的区域模式和纹理。最终，航站楼以其史无前例的结构及技术成就，成为了孟买和印度历史和传统的献礼。
Were there any significant challenges that arose during the project? If so, how did you respond to them?
One of the largest challenges we faced on this project was the fact that the construction site of the new terminal building was located on top of the existing terminal, which had to remain fully operational during construction. This challenging site requirement inspired the elongated X-shaped plan of the terminal, which could both mold around existing structures and incorporate modular designs to accommodate rapid and phased construction.
More broadly, SOM’s largest challenge was the overarching task of designing a terminal that would set new standards for terminal planning and design, while simultaneously making it uniquely Indian. At Terminal 2, our design team worked to ensure that modern materials and technologies were incorporated. But while cutting-edge and sustainable strategies were used, we also included regional patterns and textures at all scales. Ultimately, the terminal is as much a celebration of the history and traditions of India and Mumbai as it is an unprecedented structural and technological achievement.
Courtesy of SOM
在建设过程中，如何呼应孟买或者印度的风格？
SOM拥有超过15年的在印度的经验，如今公司正积极参与全国的几个项目的建设，从班加罗尔到加尔各答。虽然地理位置不同，我们所有的建筑、总体规划及交通设施，都是为了颂扬印度的独特文化。事实上，最大的挑战–也是这些跨文化项目最大的机遇–就是将当地的传统、价值、美学与SOM的结构、建筑、规划方面的专业性相结合。其结果便是一个真正颂扬其丰富的文化环境的建筑，同时建立一个该市场的新建筑品质基准。
How did you approach designing for Mumbai/India and how would you describe the process of working on the project there?
SOM has more than 15 years of experience in India and today the firm is actively involved in several projects across the country, from Bangalore to Kolkata. Although they are geographically diverse, all of our buildings, master plans, and transportation facilities celebrate India’s unique culture. Indeed the greatest challenge – and the greatest opportunity – of these cross-cultural projects is the exercise of blending local traditions, values, and aesthetics together with SOM’s structural, architectural, and planning expertise. The result is a building that truly celebrates its rich cultural surroundings, while establishing a benchmark of quality for new buildings in this market.
Courtesy of SOM
对印度或孟买建筑的描述，以及本项目如何与之契合。
整个航站楼的许多设计主题图案都体系了印度国鸟孔雀，也是机场的象征。比如井口建筑顶棚的彩色分色镜片，就是模仿孔雀羽毛的颜色。这些小片彩色玻璃，嵌入穹顶之中，以其色彩斑斓的投影倾泻入其下的大堂。
印度也以其好客、充满活力的色彩和丰富的文化遗产而闻名。航站楼的设计要求通过各种材料和面材的应用创造一种温暖愉悦的感觉。木天花板，天然石材，和亲密的照明都有助于创造一个宾至如归的感觉。
How would you describe the architecture of Mumbai/India and how does the building relate to it?
Many design motifs throughout the terminal make reference to the peacock, the national bird of India, and the symbol of the airport. One example is the colored dichroic lenses within the headhouse ceiling, which emulate the colors found in the peacock feather. These small disks of colorful glass, recessed within the canopy’s coffers, flood the hall below with dappled light that animates the terminal floor.
India is also known for its hospitality, vibrant colors, and rich cultural heritage. The design of the terminal sought to provide a sense of welcome and warmth through the various materials and finishes employed. Wood ceilings, natural stones, and intimate lighting all contributed to create a hospitality-like setting.
Courtesy of SOM
更重要的是，我们的航站楼直接与机场周边的即有环境和基础设施连接。过去，运输设施，特别是机场，与他们服务的城市都是分割开来的。在孟买，通过开发一个服务于该设施的新路网，我们将机场集成到现有的运输中并建立更深的连通性。最终，该航站楼有助于将孟买的历史性中心与东部和北部紧密联系。航站楼入口处为地铁站预留了空间，为航站楼提供了与城市的成长的深入联系，进一步推动了机场周边的城市发展。
Importantly, our terminal connects directly into the existing environment and infrastructure surrounding the airport. Formerly, transportation facilities—and especially airports—were isolated from the cities that they serviced. In Mumbai, we integrated the airport into the existing transportation fabric and furthered connectivity by developing a new road network to service the facility. Ultimately, the terminal helps knit together the historic heart of Mumbai to the south with growing neighborhoods to the east and north. Plans are also in place for the construction of an underground metro station at the terminal’s entrance, providing further connectivity to the growing city and spurring further urban development immediately surrounding the airport.
Courtesy of SOM
Context plan/总平面图. Courtesy of SOM
Second floor plan/二层平面图. Courtesy of SOM
Fourth floor plan/四层平面图. Courtesy of SOM
Roof plan/屋顶平面图. Courtesy of SOM
Building section and elevation/建筑剖面及立面图. Courtesy of SOM
项目名称：贾特拉帕蒂•希瓦吉国际机场2号航站楼
项目时间：2015年
地点：印度 孟买
委托方：GVK, Mumbai International Airport Pvt. Ltd.
建筑设计：Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP，美国纽约
设计合伙人：Roger Duffy
管理合伙人：Anthony Vacchione
结构总监：Charles Besjak
项目经理/总监：Laura Ettelman
高级建筑设计师：Scott Duncan
高级航空规划师：Derek Moore
设计师：Peter Lefkovits
技术设计：Narin Gobindranauth
结构工程：Preetam Biswas
建筑及工程记录：Larsen & Toubro Limited
结构/机械、电气、管道工程：Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
声学：Cerami & Associates
照明设计：Brandston Partnership Inc.
通讯、IT、安保及特殊系统：Mulvey & Banani International Inc.
标识导向：Pentagram & Entro Communication
行李传送：BNP Associates
竖向交通：Van Deusen & Associates
联合文化设计：Abu Jani - Sandeep Khosla
占地面积：105 亩
建筑面积：440万平方英尺
摄影及绘图：Courtesy of SOM
Partner Building of the week
Nemetschek Vectorworks
Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport Terminal 2
2015
Mumbai, India
Client
GVK, Mumbai International Airport Pvt. Ltd.
Architect
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP
New York, NY, USA
Design Partner
Roger Duffy
Managing Partner
Anthony Vacchione
Structural Director
Charles Besjak
Project Manger/Director
Laura Ettelman
Senior Design Architect
Scott Duncan
Senior Aviation Planner
Derek Moore
Design Architect
Peter Lefkovits
Technical Architect
Narin Gobindranauth
Structural Engineer
Preetam Biswas
Architect and Engineer of Record
Larsen & Toubro Limited
Structural/MEP Engineer
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
Acoustics
Cerami & Associates
Lighting Designer
Brandston Partnership Inc.
Communication, IT, Security & Special Systems
Mulvey & Banani International Inc.
Signage & Wayfinding
Pentagram & Entro Communication
Baggage Handling
BNP Associates
Vertical Transportation
Van Deusen & Associates
Cultural Design Collaboration
Abu Jani - Sandeep Khosla
Site Area
105 hectares
Building Area
4.4 million square feet
Photographs and Drawings
Courtesy of SOM
出处：本文译自world-architects.com/，转载请注明出处。
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