Tambacounda Hospital / Manuel Herz Architects

由专筑网邢子，小R编译

背景：Tambacounda妇幼医院建立在Albers基金会和Le Korsa在塞内加尔东部农村地区15年工作的基础上，为响应Josef和Anni Albers的共同精神和信念，即使用"最小的手段获得最大的效果"，这个项目远远超出了单一的建筑结构，它将自己嵌入到当地社区、经济和景观中。

Background. The Tambacounda Maternity and Paediatric hospital builds upon 15 years of extraordinary work in rural eastern Senegal by the Albers Foundation and Le Korsa. Echoing Josef and Anni Albers’ shared ethos and belief in the use of ‘minimal means for maximum effect’, this project goes far beyond a single architectural structure, embedding itself within the local community, economy and landscape.

正是本着这种精神，2005年，基金会主任Nicholas Fox Weber建立了Le Korsa，以涵盖基金会在该地区的慈善活动。从那时起，基金会和Le Korsa为塞内加尔农村社区提供了文化、教育和卫生领域的支持。2015年，他们创立了THREAD，这是一个由建筑公司Toshiko Mori无偿为Sinthian农村当地居民设计的文化中心，自建立以来，它促进了当地社区和国际居民之间的文化交流。在教育领域，基金会和Le Korsa去年在Fass村建造了一所小学，也是由Toshiko Mori设计，这是该地区110多个村庄中第一所在传统古兰经教学之外提供世俗教育的学校。这两座建筑都有对Josef和Anni的实践和包豪斯美学的微妙而令人回味的参考，例如美丽的编织炉灶让人想起Anni的纺织品，墙壁和门上的几何图案让人想起Josef和Anni的印刷品。

It was in this spirit that in 2005 Nicholas Fox Weber, the Director of the Foundation, established Le Korsa to encompass the philanthropic initiatives of the Foundation in the region. Since then the Foundation and Le Korsa have provided support to rural Senegalese communities across the fields of culture, education and health. In 2015 they launched THREAD, a cultural centre for local inhabitants of the rural village of Sinthian designed pro bono by architecture firm Toshiko Mori, which since its establishment has fostered cultural exchange between local communities and international residents. In the field of education, the Foundation and Le Korsa last year constructed an elementary school in the village of Fass, designed once again by Toshiko Mori, the first school in a region of over 110 villages to provide secular education alongside traditional Quranic teaching. Both structures share subtle yet evocative references to Josef and Anni’s practices and Bauhaus aesthetics, such as the beautiful woven rooves reminiscent of Anni’s textiles and the geometric patterns on walls and doors recalling Josef and Anni’s prints.

医院：在卫生领域，坦巴昆达医院作为该地区唯一的大型医院，是一个重要的资源，每年为来自周边地区约20,000名病人提供服务，并延伸到马里的边界。医生们以前一直在极其困难的条件下工作，原来的设计使公共空间严重拥挤。新的产科和儿科医院的设计带来了一种连贯性，并大大改善了病人及其探视家属的舒适度。建筑的结构包括一个两层呈曲线状的空间，将两个诊所——儿科和妇产科集中在同一屋檐下，并提供约150个病床。建筑物的长度使工作人员和病人能够顺利通行，并在房间之间和S型曲线弯曲处形成的庭院中容纳了多个公共空间，使其成为医院真正的脊柱。

The Hospital. In the field of health, the Tambacounda Hospital - the only major hospital in the region - is a vital resource servicing around 20,000 patients per year from the surrounding area, stretching across the border into Mali. The doctors had previously been working under extremely difficult conditions; with the original design leaving the communal spaces severely overcrowded. The design of the new Maternity and Paediatric Hospital brings a sense of coherence and greatly improves the comfort of patients and their visiting families. Herz’s structure comprises a two-storey building in a curvilinear form which brings two clinics – paediatrics and maternity – together under the same roof and offers approximately 150 hospital beds. The extensive length of the building allows for the smooth circulation of staff and patients and accommodates multiple communal spaces both between the rooms and in the courtyards formed by the bends of the S-curve, turning it into the truly social spine of the hospital.

Manuel Herz的设计：Herz的设计包括一些被动气候设计创新，以应对当地极端天气带来的挑战，并减少对空调的需求。该建筑的宽度只有7米，这一特点使所有房间都能通过自然交叉通风来冷却。此外，他受mashrabiya启发，使用了带孔隙的格子状砖墙，具有阻挡阳光和促进空气流通的优点，同时也使医院具有独特的重复视觉主题和美丽的光影效果。双层屋顶覆盖了扩建部分，阻止了大部分的阳光直射，并制造了烟囱效应，将房间的热量向上引出。

Manuel Herz’s Design. Herz’s design includes several passive climate design innovations to combat the challenges posed by the extremities of the local weather, and to help forgo the need for air conditioning. The building is characterised by a narrow width of only seven metres, a feature which allows for all the rooms to be aired and cooled naturally through cross ventilation. In addition, his mashrabiya-inspired use of lattice-like brickwork with apertures has the advantages of blocking sun and facilitating air circulation, whilst also giving the hospital its distinctive recurrent visual motif and its beautiful play of light and shade. A second roof covers the primary roof of the extension, repelling most of the direct sunlight and creating a chimney effect which draws the heat upwards and out of the rooms below .

一个合作项目：Herz在全阶段都保持与当地领导人Magueye Ba博士合作，并依靠社区的专业知识，几乎完全与Tambacounda和周围村庄的工匠和工程师协作，从而帮助提供就业和支持农村经济。该项目的整体性有助于为医院以外的地区提供更多的基础设施。Herz和Ba在早期阶段设计了一个试验性的外墙，以检验砖块在气候中的功能，随后扩大到为附近的儿童建造一所小型的新学校。此外，Herz和他的妻子还设计了一个操场，这是在Tambacounda市建造的第一个操场。对当地景观的敏感性也是这个多维项目的一个关键方面，Herz的设计尽量减少对当地的树木的干扰。在产科和儿科医院完工后，Herz将建造员工宿舍，吸引更多来自该市的医生，其设计灵感来自Anni Albers的印刷品。

A Collaborative Project. Herz has collaborated at all stages with local leader Dr. Magueye Ba and depended upon the expertise of the community, working almost exclusively with craftsmen and engineers from Tambacounda and the surrounding villages, and thereby helping to provide employment and support for the rural economy. The holistic nature of the project has helped generate further infrastructure for the area beyond the hospital; a test façade created at an early stage by Herz and Ba to examine how the bricks functioned in the climate was subsequently expanded to build a small new school for the neighbouring children. In addition Herz and his wife have designed a playground, the first-ever built in the city of Tambacounda. A sensitivity to the local landscape has also been a key facet of this multi-dimensional project, with Herz’s design endeavouring to create as little disruption as possible to the local trees. Following the completion of the Maternity and Paediatric Hospital, Herz will build staff quarters to help attract more doctors from the city, in a design inspired by a print by Anni Albers.

建筑设计：Manuel Herz Architects
类型：医疗建筑
面积：2800 m2
项目时间：2021年
摄影：Iwan Baan
开发者：Le Korsa
国家：塞内加尔

HOSPITAL•SENEGAL
Architects: Manuel Herz Architects
Area: 2800 m2
Year: 2021
Photographs: Iwan Baan
Promoter: Le Korsa
Country: Senegal