四代人的房子
House for 4 Generations / tomomi kito architect & associates

由专筑网刘彤，李韧编译

来自建筑事务所的描述：这是一个室内改造项目，这座建于40年以前的两层木构建筑位于日本东京，客户是一对年轻的夫妇，妻子的父母在改造以前就住在这里。客户决定以后要与父母在这座房子里同住，并且不久以后，独自住在东京郊区的奶奶也决定要过来与晚辈住在一起，因此，客户需要重新改造这座房子，以便大家都能够在这里共同生活得和谐舒适，这里的住户将有：奶奶（第一代人），父母（第二代人），客户（第三代人），客户的儿子（第四代人）。

From the architect. This is an interior renovation project of an existing two-story timber structure house in Tokyo built approximately 40 years ago. The client is a young couple, and the wife’s parents were living there before the renovation. The client decided to live with their parents in this house. Soon after, the wife’s grandmother who lives alone in the countryside – far from Tokyo – also decided to live together in this house. As such, the client requested to renovate the house suitable for accommodating 4 generations - the grandmother (1st generation), parents (2nd generation), the client (3rd generation), the client's son (4th generation).

© Satoshi Shigeta

平面图/Plans

然而每一个家庭成员的日常习惯都不相同，那么该如何在同一个屋檐下创建一个几代人可以增强彼此联系的空间呢？这是该项目的主要关注点。

While the daily behavior patterns of the each family member is different, creating a space to promote connection between all generations living under one roof became a major focus.

© Satoshi Shigeta

然而，现在的许多住宅都被划分成几个小功能区域，因此，这些空间都无法对室外的环境开放或者彼此相通，这样的做法阻断了阳光的渗透，也阻挡了自然风的流淌。在意识到这些问题之后，建筑师决定以提升空间品质为出发点，同时加强日照与通风也是这次改造中必不可少的任务。

Moreover, we found the existing rooms were split into smaller functions and as such, they were not open to the outside environment nor to each other, leading to poor daylight and natural ventilation. Having these issues in mind, we decided that improving the quality of the space, daylighting and ventilation were also essential to the renovation.

© Satoshi Shigeta

首先，建筑师仔细了解了私人空间的布置问题，并决定通过充分利用现存的窗户来增强室内的自然光线与通风。剩余的空间则被设计为“共享空间”，这些区域对所有家庭成员开放，并在每一层都设置有共享空间。私人空间在家庭成员之间能够相互转换，以便增强不同年代家庭成员之间的交流，这个理念与共享空间类似。另外，建筑师还通过加强室内外空间联系的手段来强调共享空间的“共享”性质，例如将主入口空间直接与“共享空间”相连，以及在“共享空间”安装有大玻璃窗。

同时，建筑师也检查了现存的结构。尽管这里布置有密度较高的结构柱，但我们发现，现有结构并不平衡，缺乏一些必要的结构支撑。于是建筑师决定在梁下增加加固物以及结构夹板，这样现存结构部件就能得到充分的利用。

Firstly, we carefully studied the arrangement of the private rooms to take full advantage of existing windows thus maximizing natural daylight and ventilation. The remaining spaces were designated as “shared space”; spaces open to all family members and planned in each floor with utilities. The private rooms are also exchangeable among the members so as to enhance communication between generations; similar to a share-house lifestyle. The nature of “share” in the shared spaces was consciously enhanced by making the connection with the outside, such as directly connecting the entrance space to the “shared space” and installing a large window in the “shared space”.
At the same time, we also reviewed the existing structure. Although the columns were densely arranged in accordance with the existing partitions, we found that the existing house was structurally unbalanced and lacked the necessary structural resistance. As such, we decided to add reinforcements through supporting beams and structural plywood whilst optimizing the use of its existing structural components.

© Satoshi Shigeta

深入了解之后，建筑师发现了一些多余的纵向结构，因此建筑师将它们移除（一共大概20个纵向结构被移开），这样为创造开放空间提供了机会。

As a result of such studies, some columns were deemed redundant and thus removable (total 20 columns were removed), providing an opportunity to create open spaces free of columns.

© Satoshi Shigeta

© Satoshi Shigeta

位于二层的共享空间的天花板呈曲线形，这样看上去增强了与外界的自然联系，同时也增多了传播到室内的自然光线。曲线形屋顶温柔的包裹了家中四代人，他们都在同一个空间下享受大自然的馈赠。

The ceiling of the shared space on the second floor is catenary shaped - enhancing a natural connection to the outside and maximizing the diffusion of the natural lighting into the space. The catenary-shaped ceiling gently envelopes all 4 generations of families who ultimately enjoy living in a space abundant of natural lighting and ventilation.

© Satoshi Shigeta

© Satoshi Shigeta

© Satoshi Shigeta

© Satoshi Shigeta

© Satoshi Shigeta

建筑设计师：tomomi kito architect & associates
区位：日本 东京
主创设计师：Tomomi Kito
面积：140.0 ㎡
项目时间：2017
摄影：Satoshi Shigeta
结构设计师：Building Structure Institute
技术指导：Yutaka Misawa
灯光指导：Kanae Hagiwara

Architects: tomomi kito architect & associates
Location: Tokyo, Japan
Lead Architects: Tomomi Kito
Area: 140.0 m2
Project Year: 2017
Photographs: Satoshi Shigeta
Structural designer: Building Structure Institute
Technical advisor: Yutaka Misawa
Lighting advisor: Kanae Hagiwara


出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。