Throwing Shade: 9 Eye-Catching Ways for Architects to Block Out the Sun

由专筑网Martijn，小R编译

凉棚架、藤架和格栅架自古以来就被用来强调和定义室外空间。尽管这些术语经常互换使用，但每个术语都是唯一且完全不同的元素。格子架由格子组成，叶子可以爬进格栅，它们通常共同使用，既可以靠在建筑物上，也可以在花园中独立放置的面板。藤架则是将两个格栅架组合成一个拱形，形成了一个用于悬挂植物的类似隧道的结构。最后，凉棚通常是一种开放式的墙式横梁结构，其屋顶可以支撑植物，给花园提供荫蔽或勾勒人行道。

按照定义来说，格栅架和藤架可以让阳光直射到它们的格栅中，而且有时会投射出复杂的图案阴影，但凉棚架却不是那么简单。有些设有坚固的屋顶，可以充当露天房间，而另一些则便于在花园各区域中移动。凉棚架具有极强的功能性，也具有纯粹的美观性，并且人们可以舒适地坐在凉棚之间。在过去的3000年中，这种类型得到了发展，如今有盖的室外空间已成为城市空间中必不可少的设施。以下九个项目展示了当今现代建筑中类似凉棚的结构的可塑性。从在炎热的天气提供必要的凉爽区域到增加视觉吸引力和充实空白空间，这些项目都使用室外遮荫为社交活动和公共聚会提供动力。

Pergolas, arbors and trellises have been used since ancient times to accent and define outdoor spaces. Although the terms are often used interchangeably, each is a unique and entirely different element. While trellises consist of latticework through which foliage can climb, they are usually a single panel that either leans against a building or place freestanding in a garden. Meanwhile, arbors combine two trellises into an arched shape, creating a tunnel-like structure often used for hanging plants. Finally, a pergola is usually an open-walled trabeated structure whose roof may support plant life, shade areas of a garden or delineate a walkway.
While, by definition, trellises and arbors allow sunlight sunlight to pass through their lattices, sometimes casting intricately patterned shadows, pergolas are not so straightforward; some have solid rooftops, allowing them to function as open-air rooms while others facilitate movement from one place to another in a garden. Pergolas can be extremely functional or purely aesthetic, and most sit comfortably somewhere in-between. Over the past 3, 000 years this typology has evolved and now, in the present day, covered outdoor spaces are becoming a necessary provision in urban space. The following nine projects demonstrate the malleability of pergola-like structures in modern architecture today. From providing necessary cooling areas on hot days to adding visual intrigue and enlivening empty space, these projects use outdoor shade to create impetus for social events and public gathering.





花园火锅餐厅 / MUDA-Architects，中国成都
2020年A+Awards 评审奖得主，酒店–餐厅

对于美食家来说，火锅可能是成都的代名词。这座城市既有美食享受，也有随美食而来的生活方式。这项翻新项目试图通过将餐厅游客融入周围的生态环境中，进一步将烹饪文化与当地条件融合在一起。凉棚状的结构沿着薄雾笼罩的湖岸而建，有机而蜿蜒地穿过桉树林，唤起了摆在餐桌上的沸腾的食物和其蒸腾感。

Garden Hotpot Restaurant by MUDA-Architects, Chengdu, China
Jury Winner, 2020 A+Awards, Hospitality – Restaurants
For all of the gourmands and foodies out there, Chengdu may be synonymous with hotpot. The city is associated with both the gastronomic delight and accompanying lifestyle that it entails. This renovation project sought to further integrate culinary culture with local conditions by immersing restaurant visitors in the surrounding ecology. Set along the banks of a misty lake, the pergola-like structure meanders organically through the eucalyptus trees, evoking the boiling and steaming sensations of the food that served at the tables that it houses.





Tiger Covid教室 / Murray Legge Architecture事务所，美国 得克萨斯州 奥斯汀

当COVID-19大流行迫使小老虎中文沉浸式学校将课程转移到户外时，他们需要经济实惠且易于建造的结构来保护学生免受日光照射。作为需求的回应，Murray Legge Architecture事务所提出了一种成本不到6,000美元,建造时间不到一周的设计方案，一个漂亮而有节奏的结构使得孩子们在一天的学习结束后仍可以继续在其中玩耍！

Temporary Tiger Covid Classroom by Murray Legge Architecture, Austin, Texus
When the COVID-19 pandemic forced the Little Tiger Chinese Immersion School to move their classes outdoors, they required an affordable and quick-to-build structure to protect students from sun exposure. In response, Murray Legge Architecture came up with a design that cost less than $6, 000 and just under one week to build. The result is a handsome and rhythmic structure that the children continue to play on even after school finishes for the day!









凉棚三色三部曲：手风琴拱廊，蓝天布鲁斯，轨道绿洲 / ATAH，中国苏州

这一系列充满活力的展馆被构想为在历史悠久的观前商业区激活的沉闷且未充分利用的公共空间。这三个装置的名称分别为“手风琴拱廊”、“蓝天布鲁斯”和“轨道绿洲”，目的是解决特定地点的需求，从缺乏庇护所到座位和休息场所一应俱全。

Tricolor Trilogy: Accordion Arcade, Blue Sky Blues, Orbital Oasis by ATAH, Suzhou, China
This series of vibrant pavilions were conceived to activate dull and under-used public spaces in the historic Guanqian commercial district. Descriptively titled Accordion Arcade, Blue Sky Blues and Orbital Oasis, each of the three installations are aimed to resolve site-specific need, ranging from a lack of shelter to a lack of seating and resting places.





梦中的梦 / 乌托邦实验室，中国浙江

该公园为通往原本没有描述的销售中心的独特入口，该公园的设计完全覆盖了商业外观。为此，用三种尺寸铸造的108根预制的白钢柱形成了一片抽象的森林，该森林为红枫树和50吨漆黑的黑色山石所调和而成。为了鼓励游客按照自己的意愿在空间中移动，建筑师使用了洞穴、丘陵、溪流、岩石、高地、瀑布和剧院等各种景观点缀了该地区。

Dream within dream by Wutopia Lab, Zhejiang, China
Commissioned as a distinctive entryway to an otherwise nondescript sales center, the design of this public park covers the business façade entirely. To this end, 108 prefabricated white steel columns, cast in three sizes, form an abstract forest that is tempered by a burst of red maple trees and 50 tons of inky black mountain stones. In order to encourage visitors to move about the space on their own terms, varied landscapes such as caves, hills, streams, rocks, highlands, waterfalls and theatres punctuate the area.





幸福之圆 / CCL建筑与规划事务所，台湾省桃园市

一栋最初由军官设计的废弃旧建筑最近被改建成了幼儿园教室和社区图书馆，结果令人惊叹。建筑师利用现存结构的拱门和圆形窗户，创造出多彩的瑞士奶酪般的美感。人行道上涂上了充满活力的圆点图案，给了新绿廊了一种不一样的外观，两者都充当桥梁，将各种建筑物与操场连接起来。

Circle of Happiness by CCL Architects & Planners, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
An old abandoned building that was originally designed by a military officer was recently transformed into a kindergarten classroom and community library. The result is awe-inspiring. Using on the existing arches and circular windows of the extant structure, the architects create a colorful swiss-cheese aesthetic. The vibrant dot motif is also painted on the pavement and makes another appearance on a new pergola — both serve as bridges to connect various buildings with the playground.







Street Bio-Corner / LPA STUDIO，阿雷西费 兰萨罗特

Street Bio-Corner是加那利群岛干旱地区的一项新的城市可持续发展倡议。这些公共空间以数量众多的葡萄藤覆盖的格栅为标志，这些公共空间提供了排水系统和水力基础设施，还提供Wi-Fi连接和离网能源系统。该市的目标是在其整个结构中至少构建40个这样的三角形模块。

Street Bio-Corner by LPA STUDIO, Arrecife, Lanzarote
Street Bio-Corner is a new urban sustainability initiative in the arid landscape of the Canary Islands.  Marked by bountiful and vine-covered wooden trellis, these public spaces offer Wi-Fi connection and an off-grid energy system, in addition to service as a drainage system and hydraulic infrastructure. The city aims to build at least forty of the triangular modules throughout its fabric.





Ket＆Co / OSK-AR，比利时

这项学校翻修项目的目的是在布鲁塞尔郊区的一个密集社区中，用于容纳额外的200名学生。建造一栋明亮但紧凑的建筑的决定允许在外面有更多的游戏空间，其中包括两个半透明的顶篷。第一个在地面上划定了一个阴影的游乐区，第二个在第二层的大屋顶露台上，上面布满教育作用的园艺种植机。

Ket & Co by OSK-AR architecten, Sint-Jans-Molenbeek, Belgium
This school renovation was realized to accommodate an extra 200 students in a dense neighborhood on the outskirts of Brussels. The decision to build a bright but compact building allowed for more ample playspace outside, which includes two translucent canopies. The first delineates a shaded play area at ground level while the second, found on a large roof terrace on the second floor, is brimming with educational garden planters.





浮动矩阵 上海扬子3MAP电梯厂改造项目 / ATAH，中国上海

当一家著名的国有电梯公司收购了德国的新技术时，它试图通过某种建筑名片重新宣布其新功能。几乎与直觉截然不同的是，这种翻新的外观是流线优先的设计结果。一系列室外弧线可以将这种逻辑优雅而直接地传达给任何到达的访客或工人。

Floating Matrix: Shanghai Yangtze 3MAP Elevator Factory Renovation by ATAH, Shanghai, China
When a well-known state-owned elevator company acquired new German technology, it sought to formally announce its new capabilities through a sort of architectural re-branding. Almost counter-intuitively the eye-catching façade of this renovation was the result of a design the prioritized circulation. The series of outdoor arcs elegantly and straightforwardly communicate this logic to any arriving visitor or worker.







北京华润置地广场购物中心街道翻新项目 / KOKAISTUDIOS，中国北京

这种引人注目的顶棚网络体现了一种激活公共空间的新型混合方法，而这种方法正在中国城市中兴起。三角形格子图案与顶罩本身的其他生物形态轮廓并置，进而产生了令人难忘的物体，这些物体在原本广阔的空间中划分出各个区域。

Beijing CR Land Galleria Shopping Center – Instreet Renovation by KOKAISTUDIOS, Beijing, China
This network of eye-catching canopies exemplifies a new, hybridized approach to activating public space that is on the rise in Chinese cities. The juxtaposition of triangular latice motif with the otherwise biomorphic outline of canopies themselves produces a body of memorable objects that distinguish various areas in an otherwise vast space.