巴塞罗那El Til·ler 学校
El Til·ler School / Eduard Balcells + Tigges Architekt + Ignasi Rius Architecture

由专筑网小R，王雪纯编译

来自建筑事务所的描述：El Til·ler - Linden Tree-学校由5座建筑与1座花园改建而成，学校位于西班牙Bellaterra郊区的一片废弃大型私人花园之中，该地区毗邻巴塞罗那。整个建筑群沿着现有道路排布，道路现在是商业街，其一侧是面向景观开放的广场。

Text description provided by the architects. Recycling five buildings and a garden. The El Til·ler - Linden Tree- School is carefully inserted into a large, mature and abandoned private garden, in the garden suburb of Bellaterra, close to Barcelona. The complex is articulated along the existing main access path, which becomes a “rambla” -the Mediterranean name for high street- that ends at a square which opens to the landscape.

5座建筑由现有的模块化体量构成，这些体量由木材与钢材建造，材料来源于学校的原有建筑。这些建筑在新场地中进行重新组装，以适应新地形和周边环境。现有的第六座建筑是幼儿园和公共空间。

Five of the six buildings that make up the school are existing modular pavilions of wood and steel which come from two other sites previously occupied by the school. These buildings are disassembled, transported and precisely reconfigured at the new site, adapting to the topography, existing vegetation, sun exposure and views. The sixth building, which is presented here, houses the kindergarten and the common spaces.

序列、横向空间、光影关系。城市设计是教育另一种表达方式。这座学校有着Waldorf-Steiner当代教育空间特征表达方式，能够很好地适应地中海气候。建筑中没有走廊，当学生们进入教室时，会首先通过外部空间序列，即核心区、院落、门廊、接待大厅，再到达教室。

Sequences, horizons, light. Urban design as an expression of pedagogy. The school proposes a contemporary spatial expression of the Waldorf-Steiner pedagogy adapted to a Mediterranean climate. Thus, there are no interior corridors, and access to the classroom follows a gradual exterior spatial sequence: rambla – courtyard – porch - receiving hall - classroom.

随着年级的升高，教室体量的视线水平也逐渐变得开阔，教室随着地形的变化带来了不同的光线效果。每间教室都有着序列、横向空间、光影关系之间的独特特征，伴随着孩子们的一路成长。

The horizons -the views- expand as the child grows, and the rotation of the classrooms on the topography gives them varying light qualities, both in intensity and color. Sequences, horizons and light personalize each classroom, emphasizing and accompanying the experience of growing up and learning.

壁龛与框架。建筑在这里也代表着教学方式。新建筑包含有幼儿园与公共空间，建筑师将平面从柱列中释放出来，并将它们集中于厚重墙体形态的立面之中，因此幼儿园教室便位于无柱空间之中。扶壁之间的空间成为了壁龛，能够根据不同教学空间的需求而进行改造。

Alcoves and frames. Architecture as an expression of pedagogy. The new building, which houses the kindergarten and common spaces, frees the plan from columns and concentrates them at the facades in the shape of thick buttresses, making it possible to place the kindergarten classrooms on top of a necessarily column-free multi-purpose hall. The spaces between the buttresses become alcoves, which are shaped according to the functional and pedagogical needs of each space.

在外部，壁龛包含在框架之中，这些框架让立面构成秩序，并且从视觉上让建筑缩小一些，给孩子们带来亲切的尺度感。“Seasonal Table”成为了Waldorf教学策略的独特空间要素，幼儿园教室也由此而排布。这个小空间包含了自然的循环，都位于一个壁龛之中，这个壁龛有着特别的自然采光，构成反射与扩散的效果。

On the outside, the alcoves are contained within frames which order the facade and visually reduce the size of the building, bringing it closer to that of children. The “seasonal table”, the most unique spatial element of the Waldorf pedagogy, organizes the new kindergarten classrooms. This small “altar”, where the cycles of nature are explained, is placed focally, within an alcove that provides a specific natural light -lateral, reflected and diffuse.

被动式气候舒适性与预算优化。木纤维面板的保温性能和大型混凝土结构的特性能够减少冬季供暖的需求。通风立面、外部铝制百叶、自然交叉通风保证了除冬季外的热舒适性。

Passive climatic comfort and budget optimization. The thermal insulation of wood-fiber panels and the inertia of the massive concrete structure almost completely eliminates the need for heating in winter. Comfort during the rest of the year is achieved thanks to the ventilated facades, the external aluminium store blinds and natural cross ventilation.

紧凑的建筑体量、混凝土结构的半预制性、全木材立面，以及无覆层施工材质的裸露，让这座建筑能够在较低的预算之中建造起来。建筑立面由普通的形态转变成充满生气的空间，教室成为了一个一个小房间，而整座学校也构成了一座小村落。

The volumetric compactness, the semi-prefabrication of both the concrete structure and the facades -entirely wooden- and the exposure of the construction materials without claddings have made it possible to erect this school building for a cooperative of parents and teachers within a very tight budget, lower than the usual in the public school sector. The facade evolves from a flat surface into an inhabited space, the classroom turns into a house and the school becomes a small village along a rambla.

建筑设计：Eduard Balcells, Ignasi Rius Architecture, Tigges Architekt
地点：西班牙，巴塞罗那
类别：学校
设计团队：Eduard Balcells, Ignasi Rius, Daniel Tigges
面积：950.0 ㎡
项目时间：2018年
摄影：Adrià Goula
制造商：Carinbisa, Finsa, Roca, Autodesk, Metsä Wood, Hormipresa
客户：Fundació per a l’art d’educar de Rudolf Steiner
结构工程：Bernuz-Fernández
机械工程：Progetic
造价估算：Egaractiva
农业工程与景观顾问：Factors de Paisatge - Manuel Colominas
合作方：Manel Romero, architect, Elisabeth Terrisse, architect

Architects: Eduard Balcells, Ignasi Rius Architecture, Tigges Architekt
Location: Carrer d'Apel·les Mestres, 11, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
Category: Schools
Design Team: Eduard Balcells, Ignasi Rius, Daniel Tigges
Area: 950.0 ㎡
Project Year: 2018
Photographs: Adrià Goula
Manufacturers: Carinbisa, Finsa, Roca, Autodesk, Metsä Wood, Hormipresa
Clients: Fundació per a l’art d’educar de Rudolf Steiner
Structural Engineering: Bernuz-Fernández
Mechanical engineering: Progetic
Quantity surveyor: Egaractiva
Agronomical engineer & Landscape consultant: Factors de Paisatge - Manuel Colominas
Collaborators: Manel Romero, architect, Elisabeth Terrisse, architect