东京阶梯式混凝土寺庙
Toru Kashihara Architects designs stepped concrete temple in Tokyo

由专筑网邵红佳，王雪纯编译

Shoraku寺是东京东北部一个墓地旁边的佛教寺庙，由Toru Kashihara建筑事务所设计，它的阶梯式混凝土设计颠覆了传统寺庙的设计。

该寺庙地址周边为其它寺庙和公墓，Shoraku寺庙的所有功能都被压缩到这个多层单体建筑中。

Shoraku-Ji is a Buddhist temple next to a cemetery in northeast Tokyo by Toru Kashihara Architects with a stepped concrete design that aims to subvert traditional temple architecture.
Located on a site surrounded by many other temples and cemeteries, all of Shoraku-Ji temple's functions – which may have otherwise been housed in individual structures – have been compressed into this single multi-storey building.

“这座建筑像一个复杂的几何游戏，”ToruKashihara建筑事务所说。

“它不是那种在一个场地分布着多个建筑的传统佛教寺庙。事务所反其道而行之，将它组织成一个三层楼的单体建筑。”

"The building plays a sophisticated geometric game," said Toru Kashihara Architects.
"It is not a traditional Buddhist temple form with multiple buildings across a site. Rather, it is organised into a single building of three floors."

一楼是游客中心和活动空间，上面是宗教仪式用地和祭坛，顶层是寺庙僧侣的居住区。

随着层数的增高，体块的高度也会增加，然后向南伸出悬臂，在下面创造出一个遮蔽的空间，“就像一座古老寺庙的屋檐一样”。

On the ground floor is the visitor centre and an events space, and above this is a space for religious ceremonies with an altar. The top floor is a residential space for the temple's priest.
Each of these levels grows in depth as they move upwards, cantilevering out to the south to create a sheltered space below, "in the same fashion as the eaves of an old temple".

堆叠的混凝土墙和玻璃窗组成了立面，立面被水平分割成三部分。随着楼层上升，混凝土墙和窗户互相交错，且随着楼层上升更加突出。

在寺庙的北端，开窗全部对齐，形成一个三角形堆叠，集中在通往圣坛的视野上。

The facade is split into three horizontal bands formed by overlapping concrete wall sections and glazed openings. As the floors moves upwards, the width of these wall and window sections is halved and the reveals become deeper.
At the temple's northern end, these openings all align, creating a triangular stack that centres on a view through to the altar.

建筑工作室说：“当寺庙高度上升时，体块的深度随着高度升高而增加，每个体块之间的间隙宽度，是下方体块间隙宽度的一半。”

“因此，建筑物呈现一种如同一个巨大的To-Kyou的形态，To-Kyou是传统的日本木制寺庙建筑中连接柱和横梁的部件。”

"As the temple climbs in height, the boxes and gaps are half the width of those below, and the depth of the boxes increases as they extend into the air," said the architecture studio.
"As a result, the building appears in elevation to be a huge To-Kyou, which in traditional Japanese wooden temple construction is a layered joint that connects the pillars and beams."

外部的混凝土饰面也运用在了内部空间，应用推拉门、木地板和传统的屏风，保持了内部的灵活。

在Shoraku寺内的主要宗教空间中，上面是格子木制天花板，下面是华丽的祭坛。

The concrete finish of the exterior also dominates the interiors, which has been left flexible with sliding doors, wooden floors and traditional screen walls.
The primary religious space within the Shoraku-Ji temple has been finished with a latticed wooden ceiling, beneath which sits the ornate altar.

顶层是僧侣的住所，带有一个带围墙的阳台，建筑工作室描述其为“像漂浮在空中的庭院”。

这个建筑让人重新思考寺庙类型。其他戏剧性翻新的项目例子也不少。 2016年，Satoru Hirota Architects建筑事务所在东京扩建了江户时代遗留下来的寺庙，设有混凝土活动大厅和僧侣宿舍。

Furumori Koichi建筑设计工作室设计了另一个福冈县的寺庙的扩建项目，平屋顶玻璃和格子木材与隔壁的寺庙装饰屋顶形成鲜明对比。

图片来自Takumi Ota

On the top floor, the priest's residence contains a walled balcony space, described by the architecture studio as "like a courtyard floating in the air".
While new builds present an opportunity to rethink the temple typology, there are also examples of dramatic renovations. In 2016, Satoru Hirota Architects extended an Edo period temple in Tokyo with a concrete events hall and priest's quarters.
Furumori Koichi Architectural Design Studio designed another temple extensionin Fukuoka prefecture with a flat roof of glass and latticed timber to contrast with the existing ornamental roof next door.
Photography is by Takumi Ota.

项目详情：
建筑设计：Toru Kashihara Architects
项目团队：Toru Kashihara, Yumiko Miyazaki, Tomoya Watanabe
结构工程：Low Fat Structure
机械、电气和管道工程：Yasuhiro Watanabe, Yoshihisa Kanzaki
承包商：Ikeda Construction

Project credits:
Architect: Toru Kashihara Architects
Project team: Toru Kashihara, Yumiko Miyazaki, Tomoya Watanabe
Structural engineer: Low Fat Structure
Mechanical, electrical and plumbing engineers: Yasuhiro Watanabe, Yoshihisa Kanzaki
Contractor: Ikeda Construction