Hussein Bin Talal Park / Strelka Architects + Strelka KB + Snøhetta

由专筑网李韧，邢子编译

来自建筑事务所的描述：该项目位于俄罗斯联邦北高加索联邦区车臣共和国首府格罗兹尼，乍一眼看过去，整个项目平淡无奇，但是这也是俄罗斯高加索联邦区的第一座现代公共空间。在苏维埃政府解体之后，车臣共和国首府格罗兹尼面临着城市重建的问题，在当地的人口中，90%都是穆斯林。自从2003年起，重建项目就不断取得更方面的进展，但是公共空间的改造却进展缓慢。这座城市需要全新的城市中心，从而吸引不同年龄段的居民。在这样的基础上，公园成为了联系国家文化和现代设施的纽带，到今天为止，公园在当地社区已经变得非常重要。

Text description provided by the architects. Hussein bin Talal Park in Grozny, ordinary at the first glance, could be considered as one of the first contemporary public space in the Russian Caucasus. After the regional conflicts that followed the fall of the Soviet Union, Grozny, the capital of the Republic of Chechnya with a 90% Muslim population, was faced with the task of almost total reconstruction of the city. This reconstruction, beginning in 2003, has made huge strides in clearing signs of destruction and decay but public spaces, having less direct economic impact, naturally remained last on the list of priorities. The city needed a new type of urban center of attraction for residents of different ages. With this in mind, the park was to bridge national culture and modern infrastructure – and today, it has become overwhelmingly popular in the local community.

值得注意的是，格罗兹尼市副市长Milana Sadaeva对这个项目进行了协调，并且充分考虑了居民的想法。格罗兹尼居民在项目开始之前就对公园的复兴规划有了一定程度的了解。空间设计的做法虽然已经广泛应用在西方国家，但是对于俄罗斯来说这仍然是个新体验。因此，俄罗斯城市咨询事务所Strelka KB、Strelka Architects事务所，以及俄罗斯城市建筑当局的建筑师们与纽约建筑事务所Snøhetta共同合作，构思了面积约1200平方米的滑冰场、1600平方米的运动场、750平方米的活动操场、1800平方米的娱乐区、1800平方米的水池区域以及圆形剧场。

Noticeably, it was Milana Sadaeva, a female Deputy Mayor of Grozny, who coordinated the project from authorities and supported the idea of citizens’ engagement. Grozny residents had the ability to review the park’s renovation plans before the start of work. Though such participation in spatial design is an established practice in the West, the experience was new to post-Soviet territory. As such, when functional zoning, architects of Strelka KB, a Russian urban consultancy, and Strelka Architects, a Russian urban architectural bureau, in collaboration with the Oslo and New York based architecture and design firm Snøhetta, developed a space with a skatepark (1,200 sq. m), sports grounds (1,600 sq. m), a playground (750 sq. m), recreational areas (1,800 sq. m), a pond (1,800 sq. m), an amphitheater and much more.

建筑师采用了5步设计策略，其中包括区域综合分析、设计构思、完整设计文件，然后再进行设计与施工管理。就俄罗斯而言，这种设计管理方式较为新颖，但是能够确保项目按照最初的意图进行，因此驻场建筑师会在现场进行跟踪指导。

To create the design, the five-step design algorithm was introduced: it included comprehensive territorial analysis, design project and full design documentation, followed by design and construction supervision. In the Russian context, such supervision is new, being implemented as essential to ensuring that design intentions are implemented, and supervising architects were constantly present on site.

格罗兹尼的第一座滑冰公园成为了城市乃至整个地区的独特运动场地。在项目开始施工之前，当地的年轻人们就不断地跟进进程，甚至帮忙进行场地的清理，希望项目能够早日投入使用。公园中的运动场建立在原有的废弃场地之上，这块场地原先为附近的7所学校而设计，位于操场旁边。

Grozny’s first skate park has become a unique sport site of its kind not only in the city, but in the whole region. Before construction work was completed, local youths began following its progress, even clearing out construction dust and debris themselves in order to start  skating as soon as possible. A sports field was built in the park to replace the deserted area that had been previously used, designed for the students of the seven schools within walking distance, alongside a playground for two different age groups.

在主要的人行交叉口，建筑师们建造了一个水池，而这里很快成为了公园的一大景观。另外，公园还设置有祈祷室，满足整个背景环境。项目的设计还结合了多个国家特点。圆形剧场前侧的广场保留了传统的车臣地砖，并且在道路上还刻有当地文字的“奔跑”。诸如现有树木等公园自然元素也被保留下来，另外还结合种植了许多新树木。

At the major pedestrian intersection, a reservoir was built, and soon became the place of attraction that draws residents to the park. The park is equipped with prayer rooms to meet the as local context. The project’s design also employed a variety of national symbols and patterns. The square in front of the amphitheater features traditional Chechen tiles, and a large inscription of “Run” in Chechen was etched onto the running track. The park’s natural elements, especially the existing trees, were preserved while more than 50 new trees were planted alongside them.

而公园也为当地的商业创造了全新的契机。该项目设置有咖啡空间，在这里，当地投资者开设了一家餐厅，并且结合屋顶，让使用者能够欣赏到公园美景。在咖啡厅后方的露台之后，建筑师设计了一座圆形剧场，人们既可以在这里进行公共活动，也可以在这里聚会。

The park also created new opportunities for localbusiness. The project provided for a cafe space, where a local investor soon opened a restaurant, with a usable roof space that offers a wonderful view of the park. Behind the cafe’s rear terrace, an amphitheater was built to house both public events, but also for local community gatherings.

除了Hussein bin Talal公园的重建，Strelka KB事务所还完成了格罗尼兹Muhammad Ali Boulevard的重建项目，这条路通向Ahmat Arenaused运动场，同时这里也是2018年世界杯的训练场地。

Alongside the renewal of Hussein bin Talal Park, Strelka KB completed the reconstruction of Grozny’s Muhammad Ali Boulevard which leads to the stadium Ahmat Arenaused as a training base during the World Cup 2018.

诸如Hussein bin Talal公园等项目是俄罗斯40多座城市公共空间改造的典范。自苏维埃时期起，这也是公共空间修复的首个项目，目的是满足全球的趋势和标准。从2016年开始，这个项目由Strelka KB事务所与住房开发机构DOM.RF共同负责，并且得到了俄罗斯建筑工业、住房、公共部门的大力支持。

Projects like Hussein bin Talal Park are part of the ‘Future Cities’ program for transforming public spaces in 40 Russian cities. It is the first programme since the Soviet era to reimagine public space use to meet global trends and standards.  It has been conducted since 2016 by Strelka KB and DOM.RF, an integrated housing development institution, with the support of the Russian Ministry of Construction Industry, Housing and Utilities Sector.

建筑设计：Snøhetta, Strelka Architects, Strelka KB
地点：俄罗斯
主创建筑师：Strelka KB: Khamid Taytsenov, Musa Bersunkaev, Ivan Selednikov, Artur Makarov, Alisa Ermolaeva Snøhetta: Robert Greenwood, Anne Camilla A. Auestad, Henry Stephens landscape design: Anna Andreeva from alphabet city
面积：630000.0 m2
项目时间：2018年
摄影：Strelka KB, Maria Gonzalez
总承包商：Inkom Alyans/Alliance LLC

Architects: Snøhetta, Strelka Architects, Strelka KB
Location: Grozni, Chechenia, Russia
Lead Architects: Strelka KB: Khamid Taytsenov, Musa Bersunkaev, Ivan Selednikov, Artur Makarov, Alisa Ermolaeva Snøhetta: Robert Greenwood, Anne Camilla A. Auestad, Henry Stephens landscape design: Anna Andreeva from alphabet city
Area: 630000.0 m2
Project Year: 2018
Photographs: Strelka KB, Maria Gonzalez
General Contractor: Inkom Alyans/Alliance LLC