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零能耗小屋 : 当代可持续与再生乡土建筑第1张图片


由可再生材料建造而成的零耗能小屋/Coates建筑工作室
This net-zero cabin in American suburbs uses only reclaimed materials, by Coates Design

由专筑网李佳琪,李韧编译

这座由Coates建筑工作室设计的零耗能度假屋,位于美国华盛顿州Cascade山的古老矿区中,这里冬天气候寒冷,经常下雪,夏天酷热。建筑坐落在一个规划齐全的度假村区中,建筑师将可持续的现代建筑与再生的乡土建筑融合在一起。

This vacation home, designed by Coates Design Architects to be net-zero, lies in a historic mining area in Washington State’s Cascade mountains, USA. The climate is extremely cold and snowy in the winter months and scorching in the summer. Situated in a master-planned resort community, the house blends sustainable modern architecture with reclaimed rustic materials.

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北立面效果/North view

极端的天气条件使建筑师面临如下挑战,即在不使用传统的能源消耗、冷却和供暖系统的情况下,创造舒适的环境。设计团队决定利用被动太阳能策略,为此他们设计了大量的坡屋顶,来支持10kWh PV 太阳能电池板阵列的应用。这个系统的设计包括了Tesla Powerwall,旨在提供家庭所需的所有电力。Powerwall可以储存多余的电量,使用电设施可以在停电期间保持运转,同时还可以为车主的电动汽车充电站提供能量。

The extreme weather conditions challenged Coates Design Architects to create a comfortable environment without the use of traditional energy consumptive cooling and heating systems. The team sited the building to take advantage of passive solar strategies and created an abundance of the sloped roof to support a 10 kWh PV solar panel array. This system is designed to provide all of the electricity required by the home and is engineered to include a Tesla Powerwall. The Powerwall will store extra electricity and will maintain functionality during power outages as well as a vehicle charging station for the owners’ electric cars.

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门厅和前厅可以储存能源,与此同时营造了优雅的、通向主要生活区的入口空间。这间独立的客房有双重功能,除了用作接待场所,还可形成空气锁,阻止室外过冷或过热的气流进入室内,因此,冬季过冷和夏季过热的问题都可以用这个简单的解决方案来进行控制。

An entry vestibule and mud room conserves energy and creates an elegant entry into the main living space. This self-contained room serves double duty as a special place to welcome visitors and an air lock to keep the outdoor elements contained. Wintertime’s chilly drafts and summer’s excessive heat are kept at bay with this simple solution.

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正面效果/Front view

悬臂屋面利用被动太阳能策略,夏天遮挡阳光,冬天允许太阳光的射入。在这样的气候下,这些宽大的屋顶营造了有遮挡的室外和入口空间。主要居住和就餐区的拱形天花板由裸露的钢和木材结构支撑,使用者通过落地玻璃窗可以俯瞰远处的景观。大型混凝土构件是主要生活区的焦点,它连同混凝土地板都可作为散热器,让建筑拥有舒适的温度。

The dramatic cantilevered roof planes utilize passive solar strategies by barring the summer sun and heat yet inviting in the winter sunshine. These broad overhangs also create covered outdoor space, much coveted in this climate, and a sheltered entry experience. Vaulted ceilings in the main living and dining area are supported by exposed steel and wood structural elements, and floor-to-ceiling windows look out on the landscape beyond. A large board formed concrete chimney commands attention as the focal point of the main living area. This solid mass, along with areas of the concrete floor, serves also as a thermal heat sink to help maintain a stable and comfortable temperature inside.

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室外露台区/Outdoor patio area

主屋内设有两间主卧套房和一间双人房。独立的房屋内包括娱乐空间和一个额外的卧室套房。两车库内设有电动汽车充电站、酒窖和大量的储藏室。

There are two primary bedroom suites and a bunk room in the main house to accommodate family members. A separate bunk house has space for recreation and an additional bedroom suite. The two-car garage features an electric vehicle charging station, a wine cellar, and plenty of storage.

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厨房效果/Kitchen island

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