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干货贴!如何有效降低沿街住宅建筑的噪音?第1张图片

在吵闹环境中设计住宅的3个建议
3 Tips for Designing Quiet Apartment Buildings on Abnormally Noisy Sites

由专筑网李韧,曹逸希编译

纽约的Stephen B Jacobs 工作室已经基本完成纽约长岛两座塔楼的建设工作,该项目名叫QE7,是因为毗邻Q、E地块和7辆列车(更不必说像巡航舰一样的铁路设施),这一对塔楼内包含有467套公寓单元,其中有13层的空间主要用于北美人们的公共生活区域。

但是,该项目之所以独特的原因来自于建筑师与工程师对周边三条铁路带来的噪音影响所采取的解决策略。

现代城市,尤其是像纽约这样的,建筑密度总是在不断增加,这意味着有的建筑建造在了并不适宜的场地上。在本周,我们与SBJ工作室的主要负责人Isaac-Daniel Astrachan进行了访谈,希望了解一下他们公司对于基地噪音的解决方式。

New York-based Stephen B Jacobs Group has almost completed construction on a pair of towers at 29-26 Northern Boulevard in Long Island City. Dubbed the QE7 for its adjacency to the Q, E, and 7 trains (not to mention its cruise ship-like amenities), the pair of towers will contain 467 units, including 13 floors dedicated to the largest co-living development in North America.
What makes this building so unique, however, is how the architects and engineers devised a solution to overcome noise generated by the three neighboring subway lines.
Modern cities, especially New York, are always looking for ways to increase density, which often means building in locations that were once overlooked due to their particular site conditions. Earlier this week, we spoke with Principal Isaac-Daniel Astrachan of SBJGroup to explain how his firm managed to reduce noise levels on this site.

干货贴!如何有效降低沿街住宅建筑的噪音?第2张图片

项目空间规划

Astrachan首先说明了周围环境的复杂性,首先,该地块位于三条地铁线路分叉的地方,并且位于多个繁忙街道的交汇处。SBJ工作室负责人了解到,公寓必须通过精心策划和创新设计,从而尽可能地减少周边的噪音带来的影响。

建筑师的第一个策略是尽量将建筑的排布远离铁路轨道,SBJ工作室将公共空间和基础设施等可以容忍些许噪音的场所临街摆放,例如将双层健身房放置在较低的楼层,在靠近地铁轰鸣声的地方。而在上部43层的公寓、屋顶休息室等其他的安静场所,都远离嘈杂的噪音。

Programmatic Space Planning
Astrachan first explained the surrounding context of the tricky site: the area is situated right where three subway lines lines diverge, and at the intersection of several busy thoroughfares. SBJGroup realized immediately that the design of the apartment complex would have to be extremely innovative and carefully planned to reduce as much noise from the area as possible.
One of the first steps they took to reduce the noise was to move the building footprint as far away from the tracks as possible. SBJGroup then located public spaces and amenities that could tolerate the noise, such as the two-story gym on the lower levels, in the areas of the floor plate that would be closer to the rumble of the subway lines. Soaring up above, the 43 stories of apartments, rooftop lounge, and other desired quiet areas, are further from the reach of the train noise.

干货贴!如何有效降低沿街住宅建筑的噪音?第3张图片

建筑设计

建筑设计采用的的方式在减少噪音方面也起到了一定的作用,Astrachan解释说,设计团队成员很快就意识到,窗户是个关键因素,因为它在一定程度上会影响到建筑的形态。因此设计团队使用了多种尺寸的窗户,来满足不同的内部功能。较低楼层的窗户尺寸为3×5英尺(0.9×1.5米),这样噪音的渗透较小,随着楼层高度的上升,窗户的面积也逐渐增大,最后在顶层,楼层四周都环绕着玻璃幕墙。

37层楼的建筑不仅让人们能够享受舒适的空间,而且还大幅度地降低了高层空间的噪音。

Architectural Design
The elements used in the building design also played a large role in how the noise pollution was reduced. Astrachan explained how the design team quickly realized that the windows would be the “weak link and they needed to influence the design of the building in some way.” The team designed various window sizes that allow for different levels of noise to come through depending on the program inside. The lower level punch windows measure at 3 x 5 feet (0.9 x 1.5 meters), and allow for only minimal noise penetration. As the floors go up, they feature larger windows until the glass completely wraps the building at the top.
The 37th floor features setbacks which not only allow for even more amenity space, but also a reduction of noise at the building’s higher levels.

干货贴!如何有效降低沿街住宅建筑的噪音?第4张图片

声学工程设计

SBJ工作室严格依据纽约城市噪音规范,该规范主要用于减少城市中的不合理的噪音形成,规范中说明,“城市噪音会对公众造成影响,甚至威胁到公众的健康、舒适度、安全性以及城市人民的发展”。其中要求,任何地区的最大音量不得超过35分贝,那么,正常的耳语音量为30分贝,而曼哈顿城市中心的音量为70分贝至80分贝。

为了进一步降低噪音污染,SBJ工作室的建筑师与AKRF的声学专家们合作讨论,同时通过不同玻璃面板来模拟各项城市噪音,从而找到最佳解决方案。他们一起共同商讨了现有技术的最新使用方式,例如通过三层夹心玻璃,最终让23层至顶层的噪音降低至37分贝,让1层至22层的噪音降低至39分贝。

图片: Alexander Severin

Acoustical Engineering
SBJGroup followed The New York City Noise Code, which was devised to reduce the “making, creation or maintenance of excessive and unreasonable and prohibited noises within the city” which it states “affects and is a menace to public health, comfort, convenience, safety, welfare and the prosperity of the people of the city.” The code states that the sound level in any area must not exceed 35 decibels. For reference, a normal whisper is around 30 decibels and typical midtown Manhattan traffic measures in anywhere from 70-85 decibels.
To take a further step in reducing the constant noise pollution, architects at SBJGroup sat down with a team of acoustical engineers from AKRF and used technology that simulated the sounds of the rattling and squeaking subways through different glass panels to find the best solution to the noise issue. Together, they took on a new adaptation of existing technology, by triple glazing the glass, resulting in noise levels of 37 decibels from floors 23 to the roof and 39 decibels from the ground floor to the 22nd floor.


出处:本文译自www.archdaily.com/,转载请注明出处。

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