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有时候,“土”气十足的建筑也能代表未来趋势第1张图片

坦桑尼亚Amani图书馆
Amani Library / Social Practice Architecture

由专筑网李韧,杨帆编译

来自建筑事务所的描述:在坦桑尼亚,用传统的土地材料来搭建的建筑往往代表着落后,并且也常常代表着恶劣的生活环境。在现代生活中,人们抛弃适应性强的传统材料与技术,而去选择一些昂贵的进口材料,甚至是一些能源效益低下的产品,例如收益性极强且越发受青睐的混凝土。而该项目的目的则是运用当地的原始材料,结合传统的技术与手法,建设完全适合地方场所的建筑。同时,该项目也鼓励当地工匠与国际合作者的共同协作,它将成为未来可持续发展建筑的一大典范,从而提升坦桑尼亚的乡村住宅品质。

Text description provided by the architects. In Tanzania, building with earth represents the past and is associated with poor living conditions. Traditional materials and techniques adapted to the environment are abandoned in favor of importing expensive and sometimes energy-inefficient materials and products, such as concrete blocks, from which only manufacturers in more advanced economies benefit. The project aims to bring back earth as a modern and sustainable building material, using traditional handcraft and simple methods, for continuing a local rural building tradition. It also encourages local and international participation and can serve as an example for future building developments to improve the quality of Tanzania’s rural housing.

有时候,“土”气十足的建筑也能代表未来趋势第2张图片

Amani图书馆运用了不同的空间策略,来促进孩子们的学习与阅读,并逐步取代传统的课程学习手法。建筑由厚实的夯土墙围合而成,从当地的一所学校可以直接进入图书馆。这里有一个用于日常研讨会议与课程的多功能教室。立面上独特的阳台使阅览室充满了光线,为孩子们的活动提供更加开阔的空间。

The Amani library′s architecture provides different kinds of spaces and uses to promote a different approach to reading and learning, as an alternative to the typical frontal approach to lessons. Enclosed by thick earth walls and with access from the school, there is a multidisciplinary room for workshops meetings and lessons. The reading room is light and open with one of the façades connected to the verandah, creating a large space for recreation and movement.

有时候,“土”气十足的建筑也能代表未来趋势第3张图片

有时候,“土”气十足的建筑也能代表未来趋势第4张图片
分解轴测图/Exploded Axonometric

该项目主要运用了两种材料:来源于现场挖掘的土壤和当地的木材。由于其独特的地理位置,在施工现场所挖掘的土壤可以直接运用于建筑施工。图书馆的承重墙体通过夯土技术建造而成,这种材料除了能够具有结构的承重作用之外,还能够调节室内温度与湿度,从而减少能源损耗,也减少对于环境的污染。另外,这还是一种能够重复使用的建筑材料,可以大大降低原材料的购买和运输费用。阳台上,当地的工匠建造了柏树门和竹围栏,这样的合作提升了当地人民的参与感,并且也大大提高了人们对于文化遗产的保护意识。

The project is mainly constructed from using two materials: soil excavated from the site and locally collected wood. On-site production offered the possibility of employing local material and the same excavated soil for wall construction. The perimeter of the library is built with load-bearing walls using the rammed earth technique. Apart from its structural capacity, the earth regulates indoor humidity and temperature, saves energy and reduces environmental pollution. Also, it is re-usable and saves expenses in material acquisition and transportation. Local handcraft can be found, among others, on the cypress doors and the bamboo enclosure at the verandah, as a way of promoting and strengthening the participation of local craftsmen, as well as raising awareness to the value of cultural heritage.

有时候,“土”气十足的建筑也能代表未来趋势第5张图片
© Lara Briz

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平面图/Floor Plan

有时候,“土”气十足的建筑也能代表未来趋势第7张图片
© Lara Briz

在建筑师与当地居民、国际合作者的共同协作下,Amani图书馆在短短4个月的时间内便建造完成。本次工作是一个相互借鉴经验以及共同合作的建筑项目,它将像一颗种子一样深深扎根于人们的内心,是通过传统材料与技术来建造农村低成本住宅的完美典范。

The construction of Amani Library was carried out in a short timeframe of four months through a workshop with both Kibaoni inhabitants and international participants. The workshop was regarded as a learning experience through an immersive, collaborative design-build project. The approach carries a developmental character, acting as “seed”, as it seeks to form a knowledge base that can contribute to the potential return of traditional materials and techniques in solving the problem of low-cost housing in rural environments.

有时候,“土”气十足的建筑也能代表未来趋势第8张图片
© Lara Briz

有时候,“土”气十足的建筑也能代表未来趋势第9张图片
© Patricia Báscones

有时候,“土”气十足的建筑也能代表未来趋势第10张图片
© Patricia Báscones

有时候,“土”气十足的建筑也能代表未来趋势第11张图片
© Patricia Báscones

有时候,“土”气十足的建筑也能代表未来趋势第12张图片
© Lara Briz

有时候,“土”气十足的建筑也能代表未来趋势第13张图片
© Lara Briz

有时候,“土”气十足的建筑也能代表未来趋势第14张图片
© Patricia Báscones

有时候,“土”气十足的建筑也能代表未来趋势第15张图片
© Patricia Báscones

有时候,“土”气十足的建筑也能代表未来趋势第16张图片
© Lara Briz

有时候,“土”气十足的建筑也能代表未来趋势第17张图片
© Lara Briz

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剖面图/Section A

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剖面图/Section B

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前立面/Front Elevation

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侧立面/Side Elevation

建筑设计:Social Practice Architecture
地点:坦桑尼亚
主创建筑师:Patricia Báscones, Lara Briz
面积:105平方米
项目时间:2016年
照片:Lara Briz, Patricia Báscones
合作方:Kibaoni inhabitants and international participants

Architects: Social Practice Architecture
Location: Unnamed Road, Tanzania
Lead Architects: Patricia Báscones, Lara Briz
Area: 105.0 m2
Project Year: 2016
Photographs: Lara Briz, Patricia Báscones
Collaborators: Kibaoni inhabitants and international participants

                  
出处:本文译自www.archdaily.com/,转载请注明出处。
        
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