西好莱坞的La Brea经济适用房是现代装饰艺术的完美演绎
La Brea Affordable Housing in West Hollywood is a contemporary take on art deco

由专筑网椰子，小R编译

这个社会住房复兴案例研究证明，美国的廉租房可以像高档公寓一样漂亮。

La Brea经济适用房建筑群位于西好莱坞，由建筑师Patrick Tighe和John Mutlow设计。这座五层高、面积达 50,000 平方英尺（4,650 平方米）的多功能建筑于 2014 年为非营利性的西好莱坞社区住房公司建成，为残疾人和曾经无家可归的 LGBTQ+ 青年提供住所。

大楼的 32 个住宅单元容纳了不同背景的租户，包括残疾人、经历过无家可归的 LGBTQ+ 青年以及艾滋病患者和 HIV 感染者。

建筑外立面采用了独特的超大丝带和海蓝色阳台。建筑群的核心是一个景观庭院和休息区。

据洛杉矶建筑师Mutlow介绍，设计其实非常简单。

Providing homes for people with disabilities and formerly houseless LGBTQ+ youth, our next Social Housing Revival case study set out to prove that low-cost housing in the US can look as good as upscale apartments.
Located in West Hollywood, the La Brea Affordable Housing complex, designed by architects Patrick Tighe and John Mutlow, is a five-storey, 50,000 square foot (4,650 square metre) mixed-use building completed in 2014 for the non-profit West Hollywood Community Housing Corporation.
Tenants of its 32 residential units include people living with disabilities, young LGBTQ+ people with experience of homelessness and those living with AIDS and HIV.
Distinctive oversized ribbons wrap around a corner of the building's facade, which is also punctuated by aquamarine-clad balconies. A landscaped courtyard and seating area forms the heart of the complex.
"The design is actually quite simple," Los Angeles architect Mutlow told Dezeen.


▲ 洛杉矶的La Brea经济适用房项目是专为残疾人士、艾滋病患者和无家可归的 LGBTQ+ 青年设计的。上图：Bran Arifin
The La Brea Affordable Housing project in Los Angeles was designed for those living with disabilities, HIV and AIDs and formally houseless LGBTQ+ youth. Top photo by Bran Arifin

他解释说：“该项目在设计时主要考虑了三个方面：融入当地环境、尊重环境问题和解决社会问题。”

该建筑位于拉布雷亚大道上，是该市以多元文化商店和餐馆而闻名的多元化地区的一条主要干道，其大胆的外立面设计灵感来自于周围 20 世纪 30 年代的装饰艺术建筑。

Mutlow说：“如果你沿着拉布雷亚大道走，你会发现一些真正宏伟的装饰艺术风格建筑。”

"There were three items," he explained. "One was a design that fits into context, one was respecting environmental issues, and one was social."
Sited on La Brea Avenue, a prominent north-south artery in a diverse part of the city known for its multicultural shops and restaurants, the building's adventurous facade was informed by surrounding 1930s art deco buildings.
"If you go up and down La Brea, you'll find some absolutely wonderful art deco buildings," said Mutlow.


▲ 其设计的核心是整合室外空间和创造社交环境
Its design was centred around integrating outdoor spaces and creating a social environment

“我们试图融入这种环境--一种让人尊重和喜爱的保护环境，而不是融入略显平凡的环境。”

客户和设计师还希望设计出看起来符合市场价格的住房，除此之外，目标是打造一栋能被公认为对社区具有积极意义的建筑。

Mutlow 说：“住房必须看起来像是市场价住房。它应该与周围环境融为一体，而不是与众不同。”

"We were trying to fit into that environment – a preservation environment which you respect and love, rather than fitting into a slightly more mundane environment."
Both the client and designers also sought to create housing that appeared to be market-rate, and beyond that, a building that could be recognised as a "positive" addition to the community.
"The housing needs to look like it's market-rate housing," Mutlow said. "It doesn't need to be identifiable as something other than what would fit into a normal environment."


▲ 其独特的外立面借鉴了街道两旁 20 世纪 30 年代的装饰艺术风格建筑，成为该地区的地标性建筑。
Its distinctive facade was informed by 1930s art deco buildings along the street, creating a landmark for the area

他补充说：“我们的目标是赋予这座建筑一个积极的特征，并使其能够长期存在。这将避免人们因为这是一个经济适用房而常常将其忽视。”

在洛杉矶这样一个急需更多经济适用房的城市，实施此类项目历来困难重重。这种方法非常重要，因为它引起了人们对经济适用房需求的关注。

Mutlow 和 Tighe 并没有常规地寻求融入，而是用独特的白色丝带将建筑部分包裹起来，使其脱颖而出。

"We wanted to give the building an identity as being a positive attribution to the context for a long period of time," he added. "Then there's no kind of sense of 'oh, we have to walk by this project quickly because it's an affordable housing project'."
That is important in a city like LA where, despite a huge need for more affordable housing, it has historically been difficult to get such projects delivered.
Rather than simply seeking to blend in, Mutlow and Tighe enabled the building to stand out by partially wrapping it in distinctive white ribbons.


▲ 金属丝带环绕一角，向 HIV 和 AID 丝带致敬，并作为大楼入口的标志
Metal ribbons wrap around one corner to pay homage to HIV and AIDs ribbons and to mark the building's entrance

这些丝带有三重作用：为沿拉布雷亚大道行驶的司机创造一个视觉标记；标记大楼的入口和大堂（位于丝带正下方）；巧妙地引用与艾滋病毒和艾滋病意识相关的红丝带。

Mutlow说：“我们想与艾滋病病毒建立联系。但不是所谓的'丝带环境'。这是一种微妙的关系。”

使用红丝带的第四个原因是作为部分封闭阳台和大楼之间的主要通道，这些通道位于一楼的大厅。

One reason for this was to create a visual marker for drivers as they travel along La Brea, another was to mark the building's entrance and lobby, which sits directly underneath the ribbons, and a third was a subtle nod to the red ribbon associated with HIV and AIDS awareness.
"We wanted to have a relationship with HIV," said Mutlow. "But not what would be known as a 'ribbon environment'. It's a subtle relationship."
A fourth reason for the ribbons was to partially enclose a series of balconies and the building's main circulation, the access to which is located in the small ground-floor lobby.


▲ 设计中加入了户外区域，鼓励租户进行社交活动
The design incorporates outdoor areas to encourage tenants to socialise

室内庭院和每套公寓附带的私人阳台，以及露天空间，都旨在与室外和住户之间建立联系。

Mutlow说：“在南加州，你可以拥有这种从里到外的关系。”

While the lobby appears to be enclosed by glass from the street, the space is in fact open-air, with the exterior bands visible from the inside. Parking space and the non-profit Aids Project Los Angeles is also located on the ground floor.
Like the interior courtyard and private balconies attached to each apartment, the open-air space is intended to create a connectedness with the outdoors, as well as between residents.
"In southern California you can have this inside-outside relationship," said Mutlow.


▲ 每个单元的窗户都面向一个共享庭院。摄影：Bran Arifin
Windows in each unit face a shared courtyard. Photo by Bran Arifin

“我们想要做的是减少残疾人士的孤独感，希望他们不要只是呆在自己的房间里，鼓励他们使用社交空间。”

内部庭院设有曲线优美的花坛和座椅，坐北朝南，以便在冬季获得更多的阳光，在夏季获得更多的遮阳。

建筑的正面和背面都设有私人阳台，而厨房的窗户则可以俯瞰室内空间。

"What we want to do is reduce isolation for people that have a disability, to encourage them to not be in their unit but to come out to social space."
The interior courtyard, which features curvaceous planting beds and seating, is oriented on a north-south axis, exposing it to more sun in the winter and more shading in the summer.
Each private balcony is located along the building's front and back facades, while windows placed in the kitchens look out over the interior space.


▲ 住宅单元通过庭院实现交叉通风
The courtyard also allows for cross-ventilation through the residential units

这种安排不仅提供了交叉通风，还提供了与街道和庭院的视觉联系，Mutlow认为这是设计住宅的一个重要因素，因为它能让住户在一个空间里有家的感觉，并最终爱护它。

他说：“当住户关上前门时，他们并没有关闭庭院或社交方面。你可以选择想要多少社交互动，因为你有一个窗帘。”

“它试图给居住者一些选择。让住户感觉到这是他们的家，而不是觉得自己只是在租用别人的房子。”

The arrangement provides not only cross-ventilation but a visual connection to the street and courtyard, which Mutlow believes is an important factor in designing housing as it leads to tenants feeling at home in a space and ultimately, caring for it.
"When you shut your front door, you don't shut off the courtyard," he said. "You don't shut off the 'social'. You can, because you have a drape, but you have a certain choice in terms of how much social interaction you actually want."
"It's trying to give some choice to the occupants. It's all part and parcel of this sense of the residents feeling this is their home – not just a rental project that someone else's providing for them. It's their place."


▲ 该建筑使用太阳能电池板和太阳能热水器为居民提供公用设施。摄影：Bran Arifin
The building uses solar panels and solar heaters to provide utilities to residents. Photo by Bran Arifin

每个单元都加入了无障碍元素，包括声光门铃、按钮门，以及放在炉灶前面的抽油烟机操作装置，这样坐轮椅的人就不必把手伸过炉灶。

此外，屋顶上的太阳能电池板还能提供 75% 的电力和热水，从而降低了租户的水电费。

Mutlow专门从事经济型老年公寓和住房设计已有 30 年之久，他说，随着时间的推移，洛杉矶经济越来越多的适用房项目的资金来源已从联邦转向地方。

他说：“我刚开始工作时，大部分资金来自联邦政府。现在，经济适用房的大部分资金来自州以及县市。”

“经济适用房在地方一级的资金来源比以往任何时候都多。”

他还指出，全国各地越来越多的酒店和办公楼被改建成经济适用房，例如芝加哥最近计划将废弃建筑重新用于经济适用房，这也说明了交付方式的变化。

Accessible elements were incorporated into each unit, ranging from doorbells that ring with light and sound, push-button doors and rangehood operations placed on the front of the stove so those in wheelchairs don't have to reach their hands across burners.
Additionally, 75 per cent of the unit's electricity, as well as hot water, comes from solar panels on the roof, cutting utility costs for tenants.
Mutlow, who has specialised in affordable senior and housing design for 30 years, says that over time he's seen more funds dedicated to affordable housing projects in Los Angeles, although this has shifted from federal to local sources.
"When I first started, the majority of the funds came from the federal government," he said. "Now, a much larger chunk of the funds come from the state, but also from the counties in the cities."
"Affordable housing has a source of funds now at a local level, more than it ever had before."
He also pointed to a rise in hotels and office buildings being converted into affordable housing across the country, similar to the city of Chicago's recent plan to adapt abandoned buildings into affordable housing, as evidence of changing approaches to delivery.


▲ Mutlow说，住房问题是更广泛的政策讨论的一部分
The housing issue is part of a much wider policy discussion, says Mutlow

不过，Mutlow怀疑洛杉矶的无家可归问题能否在短期内得到解决。

他说：“当人们说要解决住房问题时，我就会停下来思考一下。”

“我不确定这个问题是否能解决，仅仅解决住房问题是不够的。这个问题还涉及支持服务和就业，而工作机会可能并不存在。”

“换句话说，县、市或非营利组织生产经济适用房的能力与涌入的人口不相称。这就形成了一个永无止境的循环。”

Ultimately, however, Mutlow is doubtful about whether LA's homelessness problem can be solved in the near future.
"When people say they're going solve the housing problem, I back off and take a break," he said.
"I'm not sure if it's ever going to be solvable because it's not just housing that is the issue, it's also support services and employment, and the jobs aren't necessarily there."
"In other words, the influx is equaling the ability of the county, the city or non-profits to produce affordable housing. It's kind of a never-ending roundtable."






Photo by Kervin Lau


Photo by Bran Arifin


Photo by Bran Arifin


Photo by Bran Arifin


Photo by Bran Arifin




Photo by Bran Arifin























除非另有说明，否则摄影师均为Art Gray。

The photography is by Art Gray unless otherwise stated.